U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) has revealed that it identified more than 10,000 suspected fraud cases linked to the Optional Practical Training (OPT) program, a scheme that allows international students in the United States to work temporarily after completing their education.
The announcement was made by acting ICE Director Todd Lyons during a press briefing alongside officials from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). Authorities stated that the investigation uncovered several irregularities involving foreign graduates, shell companies, and alleged misuse of student visa rules.
The OPT program permits foreign students studying in the US on student visas to remain in the country for 12 months after graduation for work experience. Students from STEM fields can receive an additional 24-month extension. The program is also commonly used as a pathway for transitioning into H-1B employment visas sponsored by American companies.
According to ICE officials, investigators conducted multiple site inspections and found cases where OPT participants were reportedly supervised by employees based outside the United States, particularly from India. Authorities said this may violate program requirements that mandate training and direct supervision within the US.
Officials also alleged that certain shell companies were helping international graduates remain in the country without legitimate employment sponsorship. Investigators claim some firms were involved in financial misconduct and immigration-related violations designed to bypass federal regulations.
Todd Lyons stated that the US government would not tolerate security risks or fraudulent activities linked to student visa programs. The findings are expected to intensify political debate in the United States over work programs available to foreign students and skilled professionals.
Conservative immigration groups have long criticised the OPT program, arguing that some companies use it to hire lower-cost foreign graduates instead of employing American workers. Critics claim the program gives employers a financial advantage while reducing opportunities for domestic graduates.
The OPT program has already faced increased scrutiny in recent years. In 2025, the administration launched stricter enforcement measures targeting foreign student visas and OPT participants, leading to several legal challenges from students who claimed their visa status had been unfairly cancelled.
USCIS Director Joseph Edlow had also indicated earlier that efforts were being considered to end or significantly reform the OPT program, noting that it is not directly established through federal legislation.
The latest investigation is likely to increase pressure for tighter regulations, additional monitoring, and possible reforms to international student employment programs in the United States.
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